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在天体演化运动中,行星绕主星的公转轨道运行,其旋转角动量是否应该存在?是否还能守恒?这就是大家今天进入我文章中所要面对的问题。关于天体的角动量守恒问题,疑点重重,众说纷纭。就如在太阳系中,质量占99.8%以上的太阳的角动量只占1%左右;而质量不到0.2%的其他天体的角动量总和却占99%左右,这就是太阳系角动量的特殊分布问题,以及星系盘巨大物质的角动量问题等等。其实,这一类质疑的提出是个主观意识上的错误。就拿太阳系中的行星来说吧,太阳和行星之间的角动量关系就是非常微妙,行星系的运行模式完全与刚体物质运行模式形成的量化关系是风马牛不相及的。原因在于太阳同他的行星天体的关系已不是坚实的同源合并或分裂的力学关系,而是在引力作用下的相互捕获相互吸纳的牵制关系,各行星间的公转线速度并没有强制性的捆绑在同轴、同径向角速度的比例数值上。可想,当一个天体被捕获时,被俘天体的运动状态不可能依循主星的角动量分布的格局来考量行事的,它只遵循与主星的引力作用关系来决定自己的运动路径及运动状态的。
在天体演化运动中,子星之所以能够稳健地围绕主星运行,凭借的就是子星本身的运动动量(运动惯量)能排斥万有引力的吸引。引力与动量是一对相互冲突相互矛盾的、主导天体物质运行的物理参量。一旦子星的运动动量小于主星的万有引力,则被主星拖拽而向中心跌落,如果子星的运动动量大于主星引力,则子星又会挣脱主星引力的束缚而向外飞逸,然而它们的行事有时又不得不默契配合,因为在多次冲突的背景下,它们往往会找到一个平衡量而慢慢地平衡稳定下来。现实就是如此,否则的话,我们不可能看到宇宙星空如此的安宁,太阳系内的行星会如此的长久稳定地运行。请看附图:
从图中可以看出,子星排斥万有引力之能力,跟子星运动动量的施力方向与万有引力所夹的角度a有一定的关系。当然了,关键的、起主因作用的还是子星的运动动量,也可以说是子星的运行速度。因为动量的大小跟天体的运动速度有直接关系,速度越快,动量也就越大,那么子星排斥万有引力的能力也就越大。
而当子星的公转轨道偏心率越来越小,轨道形状接近正圆时,子星本身的运动动量将与主星的万有引力形成等量的平衡关系。也就是子星的运动动量与主星的万有引力数值近似的相等,此时,它们的量化关系就可用数学运算公式来表示:
m2ν≈F=Gm1m2/r2 。
好了,现在只要认可了上述的运动量化关系,接下来就可分析所谓的恒星系的角动量的守恒问题了。
上面这个数学公式可转化为: ν≈Gm1/r2 ,
从转化公式的分析可以看出,子星在公转轨道上的运行速度的变量,主要跟主星的质量以及旋转轴心到子星质心的距离有关,而与子星本身的质量大小关系不大。也就是说,从这个公式可以看出,在一个稳定的天体运动系统中,子星的公转运动速度的快与慢,只跟主星的质量以及子星绕主星公转的半径距离有关,而和子星自身的质量、动量关系不大。在一个恒星系系统中,子星的公转轨道半径与公转运动速度的关系是同轴等位面的。也就是子星在一定的轨道半径位置上,就拥有一定的公转运动速度。公转轨道半径一旦内移——公转轨道半径一旦缩短,就会造成子星绕主星的公转运动速度的加快,而速度的加快必然会引起子星动量的增加,以此抵抗引力的进一步增加。因此,距离缩短,速度加速,动量增大是天体演化运动的逻辑性格局。反之,速度减慢,动量减小,但没有特殊情况,在现实世界绝对是不容许半径距离的增加现象存在的,否则违背了万有引力的自然演化法则。从观测资料来看,距离与速度的这种逻辑关系是普遍存在的。就像脱罗央群小行星,这群小行星的质量和木星相比相差甚远,但由于运行轨道与木星轨道相近,因此,它们绕太阳运行的周期与木星相同。从这个例子可以看出,不管天体物质之间的质量大小如何,只要它们是处在同一个半径距离的轨道上,那它们的平均公转速度必定相同。
下面我们就来从旋转物体的角动量层面分析星体之间的力学关系。根据角动量的定义,星体之间的数学量化关系可以写成: L= r mν ,
那么,此式可转化为: L=Gm1m/r ,
式中L 表示角动量,G表示引力常数, m1表示主星质量,m表示绕主星公转的子星质量,r表示公转轨道的半径。此式说明,在没有合外力的干扰状态下,子星离主星越近,角动量越大;离主星越远,角动量越小。通过此公式、结论的分析,我看不出角动量的守恒点究竟在哪里?可能有人认为我这种推演方法不是主流科学的东西,可靠性不强,应该用经典的角动量的量化关系来分析才行。那我们就用经典的角动量 L= r mν 来分析旋转运动的奥秘。如把角动量 L= r mν用在天体的轨道运行系统上,确实,还能勉强寻觅到一些所谓的角动量守恒的踪迹。但是,把 L= r mν 这个量化关系用在刚体物体的定轴旋转运动的系统中,情况也并不乐观。由于在刚体物质的定轴旋转运动中,轴心到边缘之间的径向角速度是相等的,因此,当质点离轴心的距离越近,线速度就越慢,因此质点对轴心的角动量就越小;而当质点离轴心越远,线速度就越快,那质点获有的角动量也就越大。距离和角动量的量化逻辑关系和前面的一样,只不过方向是相反的而已。我看过相关资料,记得角动量的逻辑量化关系好像是从刚体旋转物质的演化逻辑性推导而来的,但奇怪的是,这个逻辑量化关系的设立,却能符合天体绕行运动的量化推演,反而不能凑合刚体物质的旋转运动的逻辑量化关系了。看来,人们一时找不出天体能长久运行在公转轨道上的奥秘,硬是用刚性旋转物质的演化逻辑性来诠释天体为什么能长久地运行在公转轨道上的问题了。可以说,“角动量”、“角动量守恒”就是在这种“无助”、“无力”的情况下来到了这个世界的。
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2022年6月30日 04:09
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2022年7月28日 19:20
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2022年8月12日 07:05
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2022年9月15日 20:31
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